Exclusive: Taiwan's first tokamak to begin plasma testing by end of 2026

Fusion energy, often referred to as an artificial sun, has become a central focus of global sustainable energy development in recent years. However, despite nearly 70 years of worldwide R&D, commercial fusion power remains unrealized. This is primarily due to several critical technical hurdles, including heating plasma to over 100 million°C and maintaining stable long-term operation, developing materials resistant to high-energy neutrons, tritium breeding, and ensuring overall system reliability. These challenges underscore that fusion power relies not on a single breakthrough, but on a highly integrated system engineering effort.